Function to extract a sequence of default grapheme clusters from a text buffer, which must be encoded in UTF-8.
Parameters
haystack
String to search.
size
Maximum number items - based on the $extract_type - to return.
extract_type
Defines the type of units referred to by the $size parameter:
GRAPHEME_EXTR_COUNT (default) - $size is the number of default
grapheme clusters to extract.
GRAPHEME_EXTR_MAXBYTES - $size is the maximum number of bytes
returned.
GRAPHEME_EXTR_MAXCHARS - $size is the maximum number of UTF-8
characters returned.
start
Starting position in $haystack in bytes - if given, it must be zero or a
positive value that is less than or equal to the length of $haystack in
bytes. The default is zero. If $start does not point to the first byte of a UTF-8
character, the start position is moved to the next character boundary.
next
Reference to a value that will be set to the next starting position.
When the call returns, this may point to the first byte position past the end of the string.
Return Values
A string starting at offset $start and ending on a default grapheme cluster
boundary that conforms to the $size and $extract_type specified.
Examples
Example #1 grapheme_extract() example
<?php
$char_a_ring_nfd = "a\xCC\x8A"; // 'LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE' (U+00E5) normalization form "D" $char_o_diaeresis_nfd = "o\xCC\x88"; // 'LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS' (U+00F6) normalization form "D"
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